不锈钢的物理化学机械特性
1.不锈钢的物理性能
不锈钢的物理性能主要用以下几方面来表示:
①.热膨胀系数
因温度变化而引起物质量度元素的变化。膨胀系数是膨胀-温度曲线的斜率,瞬时膨胀系数是特定温度下的斜率,两个指定的温度之间的平均斜率是平均热膨胀系数。膨胀系数可以用体积或者是长度表示,通常是用长度表示。
②.密度
物质的密度是该物质单位体积的质量,单位是kg/m3或1b/in3。
③.弹性模量
当施加力于单位长度棱住的两端能引起物体在长度上的单位变化时,单位面积上所需的力称为弹性模量。单位为1b/in3或N/m3。
④.电阻率
在单位长度立方体材料的两对面之间测量的电阻,单位用Ω·m,μΩ·cm或(已废的)Ω/(circular mil.ft)来表示。
⑤.磁导率
无量纲系数,表示物质易被磁化的程度,是磁感应强度与磁场强度之比。
⑥.熔化温度范围
确定合金开始凝固和凝固完了的温度。
⑦.比热
单位质量的物质温度改变1度所需要的热量。在英制和CGs制中二者比热的数值相同,因为热量的单位(Biu或cal)取决于单位质量的水升高1度听需的热量。国际单位制中比热的数值与英制或CGS制是不同的,因为能量的单位(J)是按不同的定义定的。比热的单位是Btu(1b·0F)及J/(kg ·k)。
⑧.热导率
物质导热的速率的量度。在单位截面积物质上建立单位长度上的1度的温度梯度时,那么热导率定义为单位时间传导的热量,热导率的单位为 Btu/(h·ft·0F)或w/(m ·K)。
⑨.热扩散率
是确定物质内部温度前迁速率的一种性能,是热导率对比热和密度乘积的比值,热扩散率单位以Btu/(h·ft·0F)或w/(m·k)表示。
2.不锈钢的化学成分
|
类型
|
序号
|
牌 号
|
化学成分 %
|
||||||||||
|
C
|
Si
|
Mn
|
P
|
S
|
Ni
|
Cr
|
Mo
|
Cu
|
N
|
其它
|
|||
|
奥 氏 体 型 |
1
|
1Cr17Mn6Ni5N
|
≤0.15
|
≤1.00
|
5.50-7.50 |
≤0.060
|
≤0.030
|
3.50-5.50 |
16.00-18.00 |
-
|
-
|
≤0.25
|
-
|
|
2
|
1Cr18Mn8Ni5N
|
≤0.15
|
≤1.00
|
7.50-10.00
|
≤0.060
|
≤0.030
|
4.00-6.00
|
17.00-19.00
|
- |
-
|
≤0.25
|
-
|
|
|
3
|
1Cr18Mn10Ni5Mo3N
|
≤0.15
|
≤1.00
|
8.50-12.00
|
≤0.060
|
≤0.030
|
4.00-6.00
|
17.00-19.00
|
2.8-3.5
|
-
|
0.20-0.30
|
-
|
|
|
4
|
1Cr17Ni7
|
≤0.15
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.065
|
≤0.030
|
6.00-8.00
|
16.00-18.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
5
|
1Cr18Ni9
|
≤0.15
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
8.00-10.00
|
17.00-19.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
6
|
Y1Cr18Ni9
|
≤0.15
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.20
|
≤0.030
|
8.00-10.00
|
17.00-19.00
|
1)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
7
|
Y1Cr18Ni9Se
|
≤0.15
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.20
|
≤0.030
|
8.00-10.00
|
17.00-19.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Se≥0.15
|
|
|
8
|
0Cr18Ni9
|
≤0.07
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
8.00-10.00
|
17.00-19.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
9
|
00Cr19Ni10
|
≤0.030
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
8.00-10.00
|
18.00-20.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
10
|
0Cr19Ni9N
|
≤0.08
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
7.00-10.50
|
18.00-20.00
|
-
|
-
|
0.10-0.25
|
-
|
|
|
11
|
0Cr18Ni10NbN
|
≤0.08
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
7.50-10.50
|
18.00-20.00
|
-
|
-
|
0.15-0.30
|
Nb≤0.15
|
|
|
12
|
00Cr18Ni10N
|
≤0.030
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
8.50-11.50
|
17.00-19.00
|
-
|
-
|
0.12-0.22
|
-
|
|
|
13
|
1Cr18Ni12
|
≤0.12
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
10.50-13.00
|
17.00-19.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
14
|
0Cr23Ni13
|
≤0.08
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
12.00-15.00
|
22.00-24.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
15
|
0Cr25Ni20
|
≤0.08
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
19.00-22.00
|
24.00-26.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
16
|
0Cr17Ni12Mo2
|
≤0.08
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
10.00-14.00
|
16.00-18.50
|
2.00-3.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
17
|
1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti6)
|
≤0.12
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
11.00-14.00
|
16.00-19.00
|
1.80-2.50
|
-
|
-
|
Ti5(C%-0.02)~0.08
|
|
|
18
|
0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti
|
≤0.08
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
11.00-14.00
|
16.00-19.00
|
1.80-2.50
|
-
|
-
|
Ti5*C%-0.70
|
|
|
19
|
00Cr17Ni14Mo2
|
≤0.030
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
12.00-15.00
|
16.00-18.00
|
2.00-3.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
20
|
0Cr17Ni12Mo2N
|
≤0.08
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
10.00-14.00
|
16.00-18.00
|
2.00-3.00
|
-
|
0.10-0.22
|
-
|
|
|
21
|
00Cr17Ni13Mo2N
|
≤0.030
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
10.50-14.50
|
16.00-18.50
|
2.00-3.00
|
-
|
0.12-0.22
|
-
|
|
|
22
|
0Cr18Ni12Mo2Cu2
|
≤0.08
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
10.00-14.50
|
17.00-19.00
|
1.20-2.75
|
1.00-2.50
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
23
|
00Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2
|
≤0.030
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
12.00-16.00
|
17.00-19.00
|
1.20-2.75
|
1.00-2.50
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
24
|
0Cr19Ni13Mo3
|
≤0.12
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
11.00-15.00
|
18.00-20.00
|
3.00-4.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
25
|
00Cr19Ni13Mo3
|
≤0.08
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
11.00-15.00
|
18.00-20.00
|
3.00-4.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
26
|
1Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti6)
|
≤0.12
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
11.00-14.00
|
16.00-19.00
|
2.50-3.50
|
-
|
-
|
Ti5(C%-0.02)~0.08
|
|
|
27
|
0Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti
|
≤0.08
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
11.00-14.00
|
16.00-19.00
|
2.50-3.50
|
-
|
-
|
Ti5*C%-0.70
|
|
|
28
|
0Cr18Ni16Mo5
|
≤0.040
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
15.00-17.00
|
16.00-19.00
|
4.00-6.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
29
|
1Cr18Ni9Ti6)
|
≤0.12
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
8.00-11.00
|
17.00-19.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Ti5(C%-0.02)~0.08
|
|
|
30
|
0Cr18Ni10Ti
|
≤0.08
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
9.00-12.00
|
17.00-19.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Ti≥5*C%
|
|
|
31
|
0Cr18Ni11Nb
|
≤0.08
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
9.00-13.00
|
17.00-19.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Nb≥10*C%
|
|
|
32
|
0Cr18Ni9Cu3
|
≤0.08
|
≤1.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
8.50-10.50
|
17.00-19.00
|
-
|
3.00-4.00
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
33
|
0Cr18Ni13Si4
|
≤0.08
|
3.00-5.00
|
≤2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
11.50-15.00
|
15.00-20.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2)
|
|
|
奥氏 体 | 铁素体型 |
34
|
0Cr26Ni5Mo2
|
≤0.08
|
≤1.00
|
≤1.50
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3.00-6.00
|
23.00-28.00
|
1.00-3.00
|
-
|
-
|
2)
|
|
35
|
1Cr18Ni11Si4AlTi
|
0.10-0.18
|
3.40-4.00
|
≤0.80
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
10.--120..
|
17.50-19.50
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Al 0.10-0.30; Ti 0.40-0.70
|
|
|
36
|
00Cr18Ni5MoSi2
|
≤0.030
|
1.30-2.00
|
1.00-2.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
4.50-5.50
|
18.00-19.50
|
2.50-3.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
铁 素 体 型 |
37
|
0Cr13Al
|
≤0.08
|
≤1.00
|
≤1.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3)
|
11.50-14.50
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Al 0.10-0.30
|
|
38
|
00Cr12
|
≤0.030
|
≤1.00
|
≤1.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3)
|
11.00-13.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
39
|
1Cr17
|
≤0.12
|
≤0.75
|
≤1.25
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3)
|
16.00-18.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
40
|
Y1Cr17
|
≤0.12
|
≤1.00
|
≤1.00
|
≤0.035
|
≥0.15
|
3)
|
16.00-18.00
|
1)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
41
|
1Cr17Mo
|
≤0.12
|
≤1.00
|
≤1.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3)
|
16.00-18.00
|
0.75-1.25
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
42
|
00Cr30Mo25)
|
≤0.010
|
≤0.40
|
≤0.40
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
-
|
28.50-32.00
|
1.50-2.50
|
-
|
≤0.015
|
-
|
|
|
43
|
00Cr27Mo25
|
≤0.010
|
≤0.40
|
≤0.40
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
-
|
25.00-27.50
|
0.75-1.50
|
-
|
≤0.015
|
-
|
|
|
马 氏 体 型 |
44
|
1Cr12
|
≤0.15
|
≤0.50
|
≤1.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3)
|
11.50-13.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
45
|
1Cr13
|
≤0.15
|
≤1.00
|
≤1.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3)
|
11.50-13.50
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
46
|
0Cr13
|
≤0.08
|
≤1.00
|
≤1.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3)
|
11.50-13.50
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
47
|
Y1Cr13
|
≤0.15
|
≤1.00
|
≤1.25
|
≤0.035
|
≥0.15
|
3)
|
12.00-14.00
|
1)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
48
|
1Cr13Mo
|
≤0.08-0.18
|
≤0.60
|
≤1.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3)
|
11.50-14.00
|
0.30-0.60
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
49
|
2Cr13
|
0.16-0.25
|
≤1.00
|
≤1.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3)
|
12.00-14.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
50
|
3Cr13
|
0.26-0.35
|
≤1.00
|
≤1.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3)
|
12.00-14.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
51
|
Y3Cr13
|
0.26-0.40
|
≤1.00
|
≤1.25
|
≤0.035
|
≥0.15
|
3)
|
12.00-14.00
|
1)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
52
|
3Cr13Mo
|
0.28-0.35
|
≤0.80
|
≤1.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3)
|
12.00-14.00
|
0.50-1.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
53
|
4Cr13
|
0.36-0.45
|
≤0.60
|
≤0.80
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3)
|
12.00-14.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
54
|
1Cr17Ni2
|
0.11-0.17
|
≤0.80
|
≤0.80
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
1.50-2.50
|
16.00-18.00
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
55
|
7Cr17
|
0.60-0.75
|
≤1.00
|
≤1.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3)
|
16.00-18.00
|
4)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
56
|
8Cr17
|
0.75-0.95
|
≤1.00
|
≤1.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3)
|
16.00-18.00
|
4)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
57
|
9Cr18
|
0.90-1.00
|
≤0.80
|
≤0.80
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3)
|
17.00-19.00
|
4)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
58
|
11Cr17
|
0.95-1.20
|
≤1.00
|
≤1.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3)
|
16.00-18.00
|
4)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
59
|
Y11Cr17
|
0.95-1.20
|
≤1.00
|
≤1.25
|
≤0.035
|
≥0.15
|
3)
|
16.00-18.00
|
4)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
60
|
9Cr18Mo
|
0.95-1.10
|
≤0.80
|
≤0.80
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3)
|
16.00-18.00
|
0.40-0.70
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
61
|
9Cr18MoV
|
0.85-0.95
|
≤0.80
|
≤0.80
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
3)
|
17.00-19.00
|
1.00-1.30
|
-
|
-
|
V0.07-0.12
|
|
|
沉淀硬化型
|
62
|
0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb
|
≤0.07
|
≤1.00
|
≤1.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
6.50-7.50
|
15.50-17.50
|
-
|
3.00-5.00
|
-
|
Nb 0.15-0.45
|
|
63
|
0Cr17Ni7Al
|
≤0.09
|
≤1.00
|
≤1.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
6.50-7.50
|
16.00-18.00
|
-
|
≤0.50
|
-
|
Al 0.75-1.50
|
|
|
64
|
0Cr15Ni7Mo2Al
|
≤0.09
|
≤1.00
|
≤1.00
|
≤0.035
|
≤0.030
|
6.50-7.50
|
14.00-16.00
|
2.00-3.00
|
-
|
-
|
Al 0.75-1.50
|
|
3.不锈钢的机械性能
制作中...
4.不锈钢的物理化学机械特性一览表
|
类别
|
钢种
|
化学成分(%)
|
机械性能
|
物理性能
|
类似规格钢
|
钢种
|
类别 | ||||||||||||||||
|
KS (JIS)
|
C
|
Cr
|
Ni
|
Mo
|
其它
|
热处理条件
|
内应力(N/mm2 )
|
抗拉强度(N/mm2 )
|
延伸率(%)
|
硬度
|
比热J/g0C
|
弹性系数×103 N/mm2
|
热膨胀系数×10-6 cm/cm/0C(2.0~1000C)
|
热传导率W/m. 0C(1000C)
|
UNS
|
AISI
|
DIN
|
ISO
|
KS (JIS)
|
||||
|
HB
|
HRB
|
HV
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
| 奥氏
体
|
301
|
≤0.15
|
16.0~18.0
|
6.00~8.00
|
-
|
-
|
S
|
≥205
|
≥520
|
≥40
|
≤207
|
≤95
|
≤218
|
0.50
|
194
|
16.9
|
16.3
|
S30100
|
301
|
×12CrNi17 7
|
14
|
301
|
奥氏体
|
|
301L
|
≤0.030
|
16.0~18.0
|
6.00~8.00
|
-
|
N≤0.20
|
S
|
≥215
|
≥550
|
≥45
|
≤187
|
≤90
|
≤200
|
0.50
|
194
|
16.9
|
16.3
|
-
|
-
|
×2CrNi18 7
|
-
|
301L
|
||
|
304
|
≤0.08
|
18.0~20.0
|
8.00~10.50
|
-
|
-
|
S
|
≥205
|
≥520
|
≥40
|
≤187
|
≤90
|
≤200
|
0.50
|
194
|
17.3
|
16.3
|
S30400
|
304
|
×5CrNi18 10
|
11
|
304
|
||
|
304J1
|
0.02~0.05
|
16.5~17.1
|
7.5~7.9
|
-
|
Cu1.9~2.2
|
S
|
≥155
|
≥450
|
≥40
|
≤187
|
≤90
|
≤200
|
0.50
|
194
|
17.3
|
16.3
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
304J1
|
||
|
304L
|
≤0.030
|
18.0~20.0
|
9.00~13.00
|
-
|
-
|
S
|
≥175
|
≥480
|
≥40
|
≤187
|
≤90
|
≤200
|
0.50
|
194
|
17.3
|
16.3
|
S30403
|
304L
|
×2CrNi19 11
|
10
|
304L
|
||
|
304N1
|
≤0.08
|
18.0~20.0
|
7.00~10.50
|
-
|
N0.10~0.25
|
S
|
≥275
|
≥550
|
≥35
|
≤217
|
≤95
|
≤200
|
0.50
|
194
|
17.3
|
16.3
|
S30451
|
304N
|
-
|
-
|
304N1
|
||
|
304N2
|
≤0.08
|
18.0~20.0
|
7.50~10.50
|
-
|
Nb≤0.15
|
S
|
≥345
|
≥690
|
≥35
|
≤248
|
≤100
|
≤260
|
0.50
|
194
|
17.3
|
16.3
|
S30452
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
304N2
|
||
|
316
|
≤0.08
|
16.0~18.0
|
10.00~14.00
|
2.00~3.00
|
-
|
S
|
≥205
|
≥520
|
≥40
|
≤187
|
≤90
|
≤200
|
0.50
|
194
|
16.0
|
16.3
|
S31600
|
316
|
×5CrNiMo17 12 2
×5CrNiMo17 14 3 |
20、20a
|
316
|
||
|
316L
|
≤0.03
|
16.0~18.0
|
12.00~15.00
|
-
|
-
|
S
|
≥175
|
≥480
|
≥40
|
≤187
|
≤90
|
≤200
|
0.50
|
193
|
16.0
|
16.3
|
S31603
|
316L
|
×2CrNiMo17 13 2
×2CrNiMo17 14 3 |
19、19a
|
316L
|
||
|
321
|
≤0.08
|
17.0~19.0
|
9.00~13.00
|
-
|
Ti5×C%
|
S
|
≥205
|
≥520
|
≥40
|
≤187
|
≤90
|
≤200
|
0.50
|
194
|
16.7
|
16.1
|
S32100
|
321
|
×6CrNiTi18 10
|
15H11
|
321
|
||
| 铁素体 |
409L
|
≤0.03
|
17.0~19.0
|
-
|
-
|
Ti6×C%~0.75
|
A
|
≥175
|
≥360
|
≥25
|
≤162
|
≤80
|
≤175
|
0.46
|
200
|
11.7
|
24.9
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|||



